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　　Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

　　In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work-such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep-that affect the lives of all Americans.

　　Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

　　"It's already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country," he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, "Wait a minute, is this OK?" "Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?"

　　Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.

　　For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

　　While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation.

　　"The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited."

　　At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.

　　"We've disconnected ourselves from living with fire," Balch says. "It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today."

　　36.【题干】More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.exhausted unprecedented management efforts

　　B.consumed a record-high percentage of budget

　　C.severely damaged the ecology of western states

　　D.caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】本题目是原因细节题。根据题干的关键词wildfires和national concern，以及时间词2015，定位到第二段首句。本句提到US花费了大量的budget，与选项B中的budget原词复现，high是原文more than的同义转化，consume同义替换原文spent。干扰项A的management是首段末句的人物Max Moritz的职位;选项C的western states是首段首句的though从句内容，和题干无关，属于答非所问;选项D的infrastructure是原文末尾的破折号里such as的内容，两个破折号里面一定不选。 点击预约 逐题权威视频解析

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　　37.【题干】Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.

　　【选项】

　　A.raise more funds for fire-prone areas

　　B.avoid the redirection of federal money

　　C.find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

　　D.guarantee safer spending of public funds

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本题目为具体细节题。根据题干的关键词a magnifying glass和大写字母Moritz定位到第四段第二句，目的就是最后一句。本句提到“to redirect those funds”，基金重新引导，本段首句也提及a huge problem from...public expenditure。正确答案D的guarantee safer spending是对这两句的完全概括，讨论公共基金更好的花费问题。干扰项A提到fund，但未说raise more，添加无关内容;选项B与原文刚好相反，不是avoid避免;选项C是对原文lower-hazard parts of the landscape的偷换概念。 点击预约 逐题权威视频解析

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　　38.【题干】While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.

　　【选项】

　　A.public debates have not settled yet

　　B.fire-fighting conditions are improving

　　C.other factors should not be overlooked

　　D.a shift in the view of fire has taken place

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】本题是文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干的关键词climate is a key element及大写字母Moritz定位到第7段的内容。本句中Moritz提到“should not come at the expense of the equation”，不以平等的代价而来。正确答案A中的不应该忽视其他因素是对本句的同义转化与概括。干扰项A的public debates来自第6段的the focus但未提及settle的话题，也非本题定位句;干扰项B的conditions是第6段的最后一句conditions that worsen fires，偷换动词worsen与improving;选项D的a shift in the view of是出现在第五段，时态错误，原文是would require，选项是has taken place。 点击预约 逐题权威视频解析

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　　39.【题干】The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.

　　【选项】

　　A.discover the fundamental makeup of nature

　　B.explore the mechanism of the human systems

　　C.maximize the role of landscape in human life

　　D.understand the interrelations of man and nature

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本题目为原因细节题。根据题干关键词simplified view Moritz定位到第8段的首句，“the human systems and the landscapes... are linked and the interactions go both ways”,人类与环境是相联系的，并且是相互作用的。正确答案D的interactions是原文的原词复现，man and nature同义替换原文的human... and landscapes。干扰项A原文未提及;选项B的human systems是原词，但是并无mechanism偷换概念;选项C的landscape和human是原词出现，但添加无关信息maximize。 点击预约 逐题权威视频解析

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　　40.【题干】Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.

　　【选项】

　　A.do away with

　　B.come to terms with

　　C.pay a price for

　　D.keep away from

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】本题目为文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干的大写字母Professor Balch和fire，man定位到最后一段的最后一句，“important to understand...human connection with fire”，人与火之间的联系。正确答案B的意思是达成协议，符合原文。干扰项A的do away with是废除;选项C的pay a price for是付出代价;选项D的keep away from远离。 点击预约 逐题权威视频解析

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