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　　Translation

　　Shakespeare's lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious dramas, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everyone else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

　　When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul's and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage-where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

　　The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history ,for in this brief period we may trace the beginning、growth、blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers, We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants.(50)To realize how great was the dromatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

　　46.【题干】By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious dramas, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

　　【答案】在莎士比亚出生之前，欧洲正见证者宗教戏剧的传承，以及受到经典的悲剧和喜剧刺激而诞生的新形式。

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　　47.【题干】no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

　　【答案】那些去学习语法的人都知道喜剧是文学的一种形式，这种形式给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，也可能会给英国带来荣誉。

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　　48.【题干】But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.

　　【答案】但是专业剧团在他们永久性的剧院中繁荣，而且有文学抱负的大学生迅速转向把这些剧院视为一种营生手段。

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　　49.【题干】A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

　　【答案】一种当地的文学戏剧艺术已经创造出来，随之其与公众剧院的联盟也得以确立，最终它的一些伟大传统也得以开始传承。

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　　50.【题干】To realize how great was the dromatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

　　【答案】为了意识到戏剧活动多么伟大，我们还必须记住许多戏剧已经丧失了，而且可能也没有戏剧坐着的完整作品保留下来。

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