Text 4

　　To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy， Cal Newport， author of Deep Work： Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World， recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction。

　　There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day。 Whichever approach， the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it。

　　Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time。 “At any given point， I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth。 Once on the calendar， I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”， he writes。

　　Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists。 Tim Harford， author of Messy： The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives， points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups： some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail， day by day。

　　While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks， they were wrong： the detailed daily plans demotivated students 。Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective， while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results。

　　In order to make the most of our focus and energy， we also need to embrace downtime， or as Newport suggests， “be lazy”。

　　“Idleness is not just a vacation， an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is， paradoxically， necessary to getting any work done，” he argues。

　　Srini Pillay， an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School， believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate。 When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task， they tend to be more efficient。

　　“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay。

　　36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to 。

　　[A] keep to your focus time

　　[B] list your immediate tasks

　　[C] make specific daily plans

　　[D] seize every minute to work

　　37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that 。

　　[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency。

　　[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying

　　[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

　　[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

　　38. According to Newport， idleness is 。

　　[A] a desirable mental state for busy people。

　　[B] a major contributor to physical health

　　[C] an effective way to save time and energy

　　[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused 。

　　[A] can result in psychological well-being

　　[B] can bring about greater efficiency

　　[C] is aimed at better balance in work

　　[D] is driven by task urgency

　　40. This text is mainly about 。

　　[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life

　　[B] approaches to getting more done in less time

　　[C] the key to eliminating distractions

　　[D] the cause of the lack of focus time

　　36、[答案][A] keep to your focus time

　　[解析]这是一道细节题。注意题干的一一对应，选项进行等价替换。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句。The key is to(题干对应) determine your length of focus time and stick to it(剩余信息为答案)。 对应选项 keep to(stick to)your focus time(your length of focus time)

　　37、[答案][D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected [解析]根据题干为细节题，考察的是实验结论。The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that， 根据1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句，那么结论应该在后面，也就是第五段。第五段开头第一句while为让步，看主句部分they were wrong，冒号后面解释说，the detailed daily plans demotivated students。对应D选项，其中的may not be as fruitful对应demotivated。

　　38、[答案][D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　[解析]这是一道细节题。根据提干中的关键词，Newport和idleness，回文定位到第6段的Newport和第7段idleness，再结合第7段段末代词he， 考查到代词的指代问题，根据上下文确定此处的he指代Newport，确定第7段引号之内即为作者对于“idleness”的观点，由第7段后半句 idleness is ，paradoxically， necessary to getting any work done得出正确答案为 an essential factor in accomplishing any work，其中essential 是对原文necessary的同义替换，accomplishing any work是getting any work done的同义替换。

　　39、[答案][B] can bring about greater efficiency

　　[解析]这是一道人物观点题，根据提干中的关键词，Pillay 回文定位到第8段，再进一步匹配题干中的剩余信息，our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused定位至第8段段末处，our brains switch between being focused and unfocused，其中shift是switch的同义替换，由后半句 they tend to be more efficient得出正确答案为 can bring about greater effcieny， 是对原文tend to be more efficient的同义替换。

　　40、[答案][B] approaches to getting more done in less time

　　[解析]根据题干的特征，这是一道主旨题。文章开篇提出主题，关于“the ability to focus without distraction”， 第二段开头说“a number of approaches”， 提出方法，第四段开头another approach，所以这篇文章重点还是在说方法，所以B选项approaches to getting more done in less time为正确答案。more done in less time对应focus without distraction。

扫描/长按二维码关注可获取考研答案

获取2018考研真题答案

获取2018考研成绩查询

获取2018考研分数线

获取2018考研调剂信息

考研万题库下载丨微信搜索"万题库考研"

　　相关推荐：

　　2018年考研答案 ※ 2018年考研真题 ※ 考研万题库估分

　　2018考研政治答案 ※ 考研英语答案 ※ 2018考研数学答案

　　直播解析：2018考研真题答案解析 ※ 关注考研微信对答案

　　2018考研成绩查询时间 ※ 微信查分提醒 ※考研复试分数线