Text 4

　　To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to focus without distraction.

　　There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

　　Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

　　Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

　　While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

　　In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”

　　“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

　　Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

　　“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.

　　36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to______

　　A. seize every minute to work

　　B. list your immediate tasks

　　C. make specific daily plans

　　D. keep to your focus time

　　37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that

　　A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

　　B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

　　C. distractions may actually increase efficiency

　　D. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying

　　38. According to Newport, idleness is __________-

　　A. a desirable mental state for busy people

　　B. a major contributor to physical health

　　C. an effective way to save time and energy

　　D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　39. Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and unfocused ______

　　A. can bring about greater efficiency

　　B. can result in psychological well-being

　　C. is driven by task urgency

　　D. is aimed at better balance in work

　　40. This text is mainly about_____

　　A. approaches to getting more done in less time

　　B. Ways to relieve the tension of busy life

　　C. The key to eliminating distractions

　　D. The cause of the lack of focus time

　　答案及解析：

　　36. 选D. keep to your focus time

　　根据题干定位到第二段的最后一句，可知选择D。

　　37. 选B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

　　根据题干定位到第四段的最后一句冒号后面，others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day，可知选择B。

　　38. 选D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work

　　根据题干可以定位到七段的[idleness] is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done， 可知是选择D

　　39. 选A. can bring about greater efficiency

　　根据题干可以定位到第八段When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.可知选A.

　　40. 选A. approaches to getting more done in less time

　　根据全文理解，文章围绕approach进行写作，讨论在更少的时间做更多的事情的方式，所以选择A。

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