Passage Three

　　There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.There are，however，vastly different ideas about how to teach it，or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability.The problem is，how to encourage a child to express himself/herself freely and confidently in writing without holding him/her back with the complexities of spelling?

　　If spelling becomes the only focal point of his/her teacher’s interest，clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”.He/she will tend to write only words within his/her spelling range，choosing to avoid adventurous language.That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.

　　1 was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience：“This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的).”It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing，but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay，which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors，but if his/her priorities had centered on the child’s ideas，an expression of his/her disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

　　51. Teachers differ in their opinions about _____.

　　A. the difficulties in teaching spelling

　　B. the role of spelling in general language development

　　C. the complexities of the basic writing skills

　　D. the necessity of teaching spelling

　　52. The expression “play safe’’ probably means _____.

　　A. to write carefully B. to do as teachers say

　　C. to use dictionaries frequently D. to avoid using words one is not sure of

　　53. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that _____.

　　A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely

　　B. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes

　　C. students will have more confidence in writing

　　D. students will learn to be independent of teachers

　　54. The writer seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is _____.

　　A. reasonable B. unfair C. foolish D. careless

　　55. The major point discussed in the passage is _____.

　　A. the importance of developing writing skills

　　B. the complexities of spelling

　　C. the correct way of marking compositions

　　D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

　　Passage Four

　　Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness，but Dr.Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.

　　During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you’re “hot”.That’s true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.For some people the peak comes during the forenoon.For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so，but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as：“Get up.John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening.Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean，and which cycle each member of the family has.

　　You can’t change your energy cycle，but you can learn to make your life fit it better.Habit can help，Dr.Kleitman believes.Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract(对抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day，rise before your usual hour.This won’t change your cycle，but you’ll get up steam(鼓起干劲)and work better at your low point.

　　Get off to a slow start which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor.Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible，do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

　　56.If a person finds getting up early a problem，most probably he/she _____.

　　A. is a lazy person

　　B. refuses to follow his/her own energy cycle

　　C. is not sure when his/her energy is low

　　D. is at his/her peak in the afternoon or evening

　　57.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

　　A. Unawareness of energy cycles.

　　B. Familiar monologues.

　　C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle.

　　D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.

　　58.If one wants to work more efficiently at his/her low point in the morning，he/she should _____.

　　A. change his/her energy cycle B. overcome his/her laziness

　　C. get up earlier than usual D. go to bed earlier

　　59.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _____.

　　A. help to keep your energy for the day’s work

　　B. help you to control your temper early in the day

　　C. enable you to concentrate on your routine work

　　D. keep your energy cycle under control all day

　　60.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.

　　B. Dr.Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.

　　C. Habit helps a person adapt to his/her own energy cycle.

　　D. Children have energy cycles，too.