真题：2010年1月考研英语试题(海文版)

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　　2010年考研英语Part B新题型部分，第一次考到了新题型的段落排序题，但是与考研大纲不同的是，这次段落排序题不是5选5，而是6选5，有一个不能选的段落。这是让广大考生感到没有思想准备的一道题。题目要求中明确指出，本题共出现标号从A到G的7个段落，其中E段的位置已经给出，而要求从A, B, C, D, F, G这6个段落中选取5段，并结合已经给的E段，进行排序。

　　题目的素材。选自2003年第一期《麦肯锡周刊》(The Mckinsey Quartly)。请注意，这已经是这本注明的经济管理类杂志第二次入选考研英语试题的素材库了。原文的名字叫“A wholesale shift in European groceries”，翻译成汉语，为“欧洲日常用品销售向批发转型”。整个文章主要描述的目前欧洲的日用消费品零售商(主要是连锁大超市集团)在欧洲面临的困境——缺乏增长动力。而它们却忽视了现在消费者的习惯正在发生改变这一事实。下面我们来分析一下新题型这道题的解题方法。

　　[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation。

　　[B] Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。

　　[C] Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold。

　　[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics。

　　[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined---France, Germany—are made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent mom—and –pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends。

　　[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate。

　　[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。

　　解题步骤与思路：

　　一。归纳6个选项的段落大意，同时注意两个选项之间的联系。通过阅读阅读选项【B】，我们归纳出其中心意思是：欧洲市场的日用品零售市场已经停止，因此大部分零售商已经尝试电子商务，但是几乎所有的零售商都无视了日用品的批发业务，认为它应该是一个大的，赚钱的机会。同时我们发现，【F】选项是在具体的说明批发业务给法国，德国，意大利等国家带来的巨大利益，这两个选项之间的关系属于典型的观点+例证的逻辑关系，所以我们可以选定应该是【B】，然后是[F]。【B】选项的末句和选项【F】有词汇上照应，这连个选项之间都出现了wholesale food and drink这几个关键词。

　　二。选项【D】和【G】之间可以凭借同义词替换来寻找做题的关键。因为选项【D】最后一句New skills and unfamilar business models are needed too。和【G】选项中的这几个词汇首尾呼应： none of these requirements，属于典型的同义词替换+指代原则(none of these )的做题原则。因此这两个选项应该是先选【D】，再选【G】。

　　三。由于【E】选项已经给出，段落排序的原则是重视首末句，通过阅读末句我们发现，mask two opposing trends(掩盖了两个对立的倾向)。而[A]选项的开头是提到：The first and more important is the consumers’ growing preference for eating out: 提到的是消费者一种外出吃饭的偏爱。重要的是用了数字the first指代前面提到的趋势。所以我们应该先把45题确定为[A]选项。如果把[A]选项看成是第一段的同学，根本是在乱选，根据一般的出题规律，没有这么把最明显的词汇放在句首作为做题的重要依据的。

　　四。选项【C】的主题是谈到市场结构变化的问题，也提到影响市场运转的因素。但是我们发现没有出现与前面6段主题一致的中心词汇，比如;retail, wholesale, food and drink等，它的最大的干扰来自“market”这个词语，只可惜不是段落的中心词汇。

　　五。现在重要的是BFDG的顺序问题。如果一旦错误，就会导致四道题全错。我们发现选项[B]的末句说大部分大型的零售商无视了wholesale的重要性，即没有充分意识到它的重要性，属于典型的首开wholesale food and drink话题的写作方式，而且在接下来的段落里都是围绕wholesale这个话题展开的，因此第一段应该选[B]。

　　六. 参考答案：41---45 【B】【F】【D】【G】【A】。

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