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　　定语从句

　　一、定语从句的概念 什么是定语从句?

　　例: A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least.

　　用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。有两个必备的基本元素。一个是先行词;一个是关系词。

　　1.名词或代词做先行词。

　　例：He laughs best who laughs last.

　　2.短语做先行词。Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.

　　3.用句子做先行词。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

　　I am a student ，which you all know.

　　当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off.

　　找先行词的方法。反证法。把它带进去。哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。

　　1. 翻译定语从句。

　　2. 结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑关系相符合的词。

　　二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。

　　1.常用的关系代词：which, that, who, whom。Whom现在用的很少。前面有介词只能用which，不能用that。

　　2. 关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。

　　What:1)它是子母同体。相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。What前面不应该在出现先行词。 如果前面已经偶一个关系词，就不能用what来引导。例如：You can have everything what you like. what=all that,所以这儿不能用what.

　　All---is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of life

　　A. what is the need

　　B. the things need

　　C. for our needs

　　D. that is need

　　2)what单独使用，后面不加名词。

　　例如：She is not what she used to be.

　　3)what 后面加名词

　　例如：What money I have has been given to you.

　　1997年考题：______he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate

　　A. What little

　　B. So much

　　C. How much

　　D. So little

　　as

　　1. like

　　2. 作为

　　3. when

　　4. 引导定语从句。即可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。引导限制性定语从句一般式固定用法。如as…as, such…as

　　as引导非限制性定语从句

　　例如：I was a boy which you know. which可以用as替换。

　　As is so often pointed out knowledge is a two edge weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.

　　as引导限制性定语从句

　　考试中往往考固定搭配。

　　例如：Such a student as works hard were be sure to succeed.

　　than 作为关系代词可以引导定语从句

　　More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure .

　　A.than B.that C.which D.as

　　特点：

　　1) than作为关系代词引导词在从句中一般必须做主语或者作宾语。

　　2) than 前面的主句必须要有比较级

　　3) 比较级所修饰的名词就是than指代的对象

　　三、关系副词

　　When引导的定语从句。

　　1)先行词必须是表示时间的名词。

　　Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.

　　2)如何区分when引导的定语从句和状语从句。用句子表示状语就是状语从句。例如：When I go to school, I will work hard.

　　从两方面区分：

　　When 引导的定语从句前一定有表示时间的名词;When 引导的状语语从句前没有有表示时间的名词。

　　从翻译的角度看如果是引导的定语从句可以不翻译。如果是状语从句就必须翻译成当……时候。

　　When=on which

　　Where

　　where=in which

　　where引导的从句先行词必须是表示地点的名词。例如：

　　I was born in Beijing where the Olympic games will be held.

　　先行词表示地点,不一定用where来引导。例如：

　　I have never been to Beijing ,but it’s the place __.

　　A.where I’dlike to visit

　　B.in which I’d like to visit

　　C.I most want to visit

　　D.thar I want to visit it most