上海外国语大学2005年考研英语语言文学专业翻译试题及答案

　　此试题及答案由airene提供,在此特别感谢.

　　1.  Translate the following into English（75 分）

　　孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”老师和学生并没有什么不可逾越的界限。 在这门知识上老师高于学生，在另一门知识上，学生也可能高于老师；今天老师 高于学生，明天学生可能高过老师。这也是辩证法，对立面的统一。

　　礼记的《学记》有一段著名的话，意思也和这相近：“学然后知不足，教然 后知困。知不足，然后能自反也。知困，然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。” 这 就是在今天说来，也还是颠扑不破的。

　　“教育者必先受教育”，这个道理说来很浅显，但是人们在实际生活中却很 不容易承认。特别是当老师当久了的人，就很不容易接受这个辩证法。老师们不 容易接受这个道理，倒也事出有因。“弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子”，虽是 封建思想的代表者韩愈所提出来的一个观点，但是在封建时代却并不通入。正好 相反，“天地君亲师”，在封建时代，老师是同“天地君亲”在一起，居高临下。 老师毕竟是老师，师道尊严，神圣不可侵犯。这个观点相沿成习。

　　新的师生关系，是“不耻相师”，彼此平等，不分尊卑，真正是“道之所存， 师之所存”，谁有学问谁就是老师。圣人无常师，师亦无常道，就是当老师的并 不经常等于真理。一个当老师的人，既要勇于坚持自己的真理，又要勇于承认自 己的非真理，同学生们一道来为科学真理奋斗。

　　2.  Translate the following into Chinese（75 分）

　　Outside  my  window  the  night  is  struggling  to  wake;  in  the  moonlight,  the blinded  garden  dreams  so  vividly  of  its  lost  colours.  The  white-washed  wall  is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full.

　　The moon is a stone; but it is a highly numinous stone. Or, to be more precise, it is a stone about which and because of which men and women have numinous feelings. Thus, there is a soft moonlight that can give us the peace that passes understanding. There  is  a  moonlight  that  inspires  a  kind  of  awe.  There  is  a  cold  and  austere moonlight that tells the soul of its loneliness and desperate isolation, its insignificance or its uncleanness. There is an amorous moonlight prompting to love - to love not only for an individual but sometimes even for the whole universe. But the moon shines on the body as well as, through the windows of the eyes, within the mind. It affects the soul directly; but it can affect it also by obscure and circuitous ways - through the blood. Half the human race lives in manifest obedience to the lunar rhythm;  and  there  is  evidence  to  show  that  the  physiological  and  therefore  the spiritual life, not only of women, but of men too, mysteriously ebbs and flows with the changes of the moon. There are unreasoned joys, inexplicable miseries, laughters and remorses without a cause. Their sudden and fantastic alternations constitute the ordinary weather of our minds. These  moods, are the children of the blood and humours. But the blood and humours obey, among many other masters, the changing moon. Touching the soul directly through the eyes and, indirectly, along the dark channels of the blood, the moon is doubly a divinity.

　　Even if we think of the moon as only a stone, we shall find its very stoniness potentially a numen. A stone gone cold. An airless, waterless stone and the prophetic image of our own earth when, some few million years from now, the senescent sun shall have lost its present fostering power.... And so on. This passage could easily be prolonged-a Study in Purple. But I forbear. Let every reader lay on as much of the royal rhetorical colour as he finds to his taste. Anyhow, purple or no purple, there the stone is-stony. You cannot think about it for long without finding, yourself invaded by one or other of several essentially numinous sentiments. These sentiments belong to one or other of two contrasted and complementary groups Sentiments of Human Insignificance Sentiments of Human Greatness.