中考阅读理解实战演练之科学小品篇

Section III 科学小品篇　

Passage 23

Researchers (研究者) have announced (宣布) the result of two studies on the health effects of the drug aspirin (阿斯匹林). One study shows aspirin can sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack (心脏病).

The study offered two new results from earlier findings. It said taking one aspirin pill every other day helped only healthy men over the age of fifty. It also said aspirin gave the greatest protection against heart attacks to men with low blood cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.

Earlier in the United States began a major aspirin study in the early 1980s. It included 22,000 healthy men doctors. All were between the ages of forty and eighty-four. More than 11,000 of the doctors took a harmless pill that contained no drug. The men did not know which kind of pill they were taking.

The doctors who took aspirin suffered 44% fewer heart attacks than those taking the harmless pill. 139 men who took aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Ten of them died. 239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Twenty-six of them died.

The researchers said the doctors’ study provides clear proof that taking aspirin can prevent a first heart attack in healthy, older men. They said, however, the result does not mean every man over the age of fifty should take aspirin. They said aspirin couldn’t help men who do not eat healthy foods, who smoke cigarettes and who are fat. The researchers said men who think they would be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first.

1.The passage tells us that the new use of aspirin is ______.

A.to treat heart disease B. to reduce pain while one suffers from a heart attack

C. to help old people to be more healthy D. to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men

2.Aspirin can help those who ______.

A work as doctors B. are under 40 years old

C. are fat and smoke cigarettes D. are older and healthy

3.At last the researchers advised us to take aspirin ______.

A.with care B. as much as we like C. every day D. only considering the age

4.From the experiment we can conclude that about _____ of people who suffered from heart attacks without aspirin died.

A. 7% B. 11% C. 19% D. 44%

Passage 24

It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear, when one eye is open.

Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing.

Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won’t be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears.

1.The writer of the passage thinks that _____ there is a blind spot on the eye.

A. few people know B. no one knows C. most people know D. all the people know

2. The word “disappear” in the passage means ________ in Chinese.

A. 驱散 B. 消散 C. 消失 D. 遗失

3. You fail to see the letter L in the experiment because ___________.

A. your eyes are poor B. its image falls on the blind spot

D. your left eye is not open C. you move it close to your eye

4. In which order (顺序) should you do the experiment?

①Hold the card ②Move the card nearer ③Close your right eye

④Write two English letters ⑤Look at the letter R ⑥Make a card

A. ④⑥①②③⑤ B. ①③⑥④⑤② C. ⑥①④③②⑤ D. ⑥④①③⑤②

5. The passage mainly (主要) tells us _______.

A. how to find the blind spot B. an interesting experiment

C. where the blind spot is D. there is blind spot on the eye

Passage 25

Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings.

In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and every cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.

The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand (另一方面), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).

Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18C, people become stronger.

Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There are a “good weather” for word and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度).

Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem.

1.____ can have a bad effect (作用) on health.

A. Hot and wet weather B. Good weather C. Warm weather D. High intelligence

2.People may have more intelligence when _____ comes.

A. a rain B. very hot weather C. a strong wind D. low air pressure

3.Low air pressure may make people _______.

A. forgetful B. sad C. angry D. tired

4.In “good weather” of 18 centigrade, _______.

A. people are very forgetful B. people can’t do their work well

C. thin people feel cold D. people are in better health

5.The writer wants to tell us that _______.

A.hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way

B.weather influences people’s lives C.IQ never changes during weather changes

D.There is a good kind of weather for people’s work and health

Passage 26

Now satellites are helping to forecast(预报)the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists (气象学家) can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.

Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures.When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.

So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead (提前).

1.Satellites travel __________.

A. in space B. above space C. above the ground D. in the atmosphere

2.Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere？Because _______.

A. clouds form there B. the weather forms there

C. the weather satellites can do it easily D. the pictures can forecast the weather

3.Meteorologists forecast the weather _______.

A.without studying satellite pictures B. before they receive satellite pictures

C. when they have received satellite pictures

D. after they have compared the new satellite pictures with the earlier ones

4.Maybe we‘ll soon be able to forecast the weather for _________.

A. one day B. two days C. five days D. seven days or even longer

5.The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in __________.

A. taking pictures of the earth B. receiving pictures of the atmosphere

C. weather forecasting D. doing other work in many ways

Passage 27

Paragraph 1

Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day, they are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2) citrus (柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; 94) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.

Paragraph 2

People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned (罐装的) or frozen (冷冻的). It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.