各类定语从句语法讲解

　　4.如何判断关系代词与关系副词

　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如

　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

　　I‘ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

　　判断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)

　　(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

　　(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

　　(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

　　(对) I‘ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

　　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

　　例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

　　A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

　　例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

　　A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one

　　答案：例1 D，例2 A

　　例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

　　例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

　　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。