英语语法　虚拟语气专题训练及答案

The Subjunctive Mood:

　　虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实（表示客观事实要用陈述语气）。虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。

一、虚拟语气的用法

I. Present Unreal:

l If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 动词过去式 (were, did, had, etc.), should / would / could / might + 动词原形

e.g. If I had HIV, I would know because I would fell sick.

If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.

II. Past Unreal:

l If I (you, he / she, we, they) + had + 过去分词, should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词

e.g. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.

If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.

III. Future impossible:

1. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 动词过去式 (were, did, had, etc.), … should / would / could / might + 动词原形

e.g. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.

2. If I (you, he / she, we, they) should +动词原形, … should / would / could / might + 动词原形

e.g. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

3. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + were to +动词原形, should / would / could / might +动词原形

e.g. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.

二、虚拟语气应该注意的问题

I. 关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点

1. 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致, 这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气. 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.

1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now. 如果我服用了那种药的话, 现在就会好些了.

2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. 如果(前些日子)天气更好些, 庄稼一定会长得更好.

2. If it were not for / had not been for… 也是一种条件虚拟语气从句, 译为 “要不是因为……”.