三、四六级作文的谋篇布局
谋篇布局(1)
- 将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句
- 将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句
- 将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落
- 结论段归纳概括，提出建议。
例证
标题：City Life and Suburban Life
提纲：1) 最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住
2）城市生活和近郊生活各有特点
3） 比较起来，我喜欢的是……
In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities. Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.
It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city life. But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings --- the essentials of a healthy life. Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing when thinking of the high cost and heavily polluted environment of the city.
The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.
谋篇布局（2）
- 根据话题加引段，于段尾提出自己的观点（也就是提示中的第三句要求内容）
- 将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章的中心段落
- 根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文，提出方法等。
例证
标题： My View on College Students' Part-time Jobs
提纲：1）有人认为大学生做兼职工作很有好处；
2）然而，有人认为大学生做兼职工作弊多利少；
3）我的看法
Nowadays, an increasing number of college students are doing part-time jobs. People hold different opinions on that.
Some people think that there are many advantages for college students to have part-time jobs. Firstly, part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities. Secondly, it enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence. Thirdly, part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden their college lives and help them know more of themselves and society.
However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may find it hard to adjust to what the college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies.
In my opinion, students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situation. The most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs and his study.
谋篇布局（3）
- 将提示的第一句和第二句合为第一段，于段尾提出自己的观点；
- 说明自己的理由；
- 结论段总结全文
例文
标题：How to Achieve Success
提纲：1）有人说成功主要靠运气；
2）有人则认为成功主要靠勤奋，与运气毫无关系;
3）我的观点
Some people say the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. As far as I am concerned, there are many factors contributing to success and the three fundamental ones are diligence, devotion and perseverance.
Diligence is the first key factor to success. Diligence helps us remove ignorance, overcome difficulties, and enlighten our minds. It makes a fool wise, and a poor man rich. Devotion is another factor to success. Whatever we do, we must love it and do it whole-heartedly. Only when we set our minds on the job, can we do it well. Furthermore, perseverance, or a strong will, is the last key to success. Without a strong will, we are likely to give up when we meet some difficulties, let alone perform wonderful deeds.
To conclude, all great men achieve success through diligence, devotion and
perseverance. Just as the famous saying goes, "No pains, no gains", "Where there is a will, there is a way."
谋篇布局（4）
将提示中的第一句做为第一段主题句，然后拓展开
将提示的第二句做为第二段的主题句，拓展说明
将提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意与上面两段的照应，使其有总揽全文的作用
例文
标题：On Housing Reform
提示：1）旧房屋政策的弊端；
2）房改带来的好处；
3）我怎么办？
The old house-allotting policy had at least two disadvantages. First, the government spent a lot of money building some houses, but these houses were allotted to people free of charge. Thus, the government would have no money to build more houses for people who badly needed them. Second, the persons who were in power could get more houses than those who were powerless. This was quite unfair.
On the contrary, the new system of house allotment may bring about many new things. For example, the government will have more money which can be used in house construction. So, the housing industry can develop more quickly. Besides, because houses will be sold to people, the chances they get will be equal.
When I enter the society, I would get a loan from the bank to buy my own house. Then, I would try to pay back the loan in the shortest time possible. After that, I would proudly claim: "Now, I am the master of that house."
谋篇布局（5）
将提示中的第一句作为文章的第一段，并提主题；
举例说明自己的观点；
结论重述主题
例文
标题：On Punctuality
提示：
1） 准时在现代生活中仍然很重要；
2） 试举例说明
In our modern life, punctuality is one of the most important qualities that any person should possess. Punctuality demonstrates that you are reliable and can be trusted with responsibilities. Besides, it can make a person a good man. And if you are not punctual, you may injure others.
We should practice punctuality for the sake of others, as well as ourselves. He who is punctual will accomplish far more in a day than he who is not so. Washington was remarkable for this virtue. His mother had taught him, when a boy, or have certain hours for every employment, and to do everything at the appointed time. This habit helped, in his later life, to make him a good man. Without it, he could never have made such success.
Neglect of punctuality may injure both to others and to oneself. An applicant may be turned away just for the sake of being late for the interview. Students coming late for class will undoubtedly interrupt the teacher. Therefore, we ought never to say "It is only once --- I will not do so again" to excuse ourselves; otherwise we will be tardier and we will fail in our society.
In a word, if we form the habit of punctuality at school, it will be of great advantage to us in our future life.
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