4 、It seems that/as if...
本句型实际上是“主+系+表”结构,其中it是无人称代词,本身并无词意,也并非形式主语,seems为系动词,that/as if...引导表语从句,本句型使that/as if引导的从句所表达的意思变得不大肯定或者使语气变得较为委婉。
例:①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。
5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.
此句型中,have为使役动词,分词短语在句中作宾语补足语,与宾语之间是主动关系,意为“使某人(某物)做某事”,强调动作的持续性。
例:①We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我们以前从来没有让女人在我们公司的这个部门工作。
②They had their lights burning all night long. 他们通宵把灯点着。
如果只强调让某人、某物做某事而不强调动作的持续性时,我们可用省“to”的不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
例:I won’t have you do such things. 我不让你去做这些事。
当使役动词have后接过去分词短语,作宾语补足语时,宾语则与补足语之间是被动关系,即have sth. done句型, 此句型有两种含义。
其一:表示“使得某事得以做成”或“(请人)把某事做完”。
例:①I’ll have my bicycle repaired. 我将把自行车推去修好。
②I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了发。
其二:表示“遭遇某种情况”或“经历一个事情或行动”。
例:①King Charlies I had his head cut off. 国王查理一世被砍了头。
②She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。
6、 Does it matter...
此句型中,it为无人称代词,作主语,matter是动词,意思是“关系重要”,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件状语从句中。
例:①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程师是男是女,这有什么关系呢?
②What does it matter? 这有什么关系?
③It doesn’t matter, does it ? 这没多大关系,是吗?
④It doesn’t matter to me what you do or how you do it. 你做什么,怎么做对我都无关紧要。